Since 2016, UNU-IAS has been conducting collaborative research activities with the University of Tokyo Institute for Future Initiatives (UT-IFI) and the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), with the support of the Ministry of the environment, Japan, to assist with the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The activities have evolved through two phases of the project designed to help CBD Parties to apply landscape approaches to the development and implementation of NBSAPs and thereby facilitate biodiversity mainstreaming. As part of this project, a manual is being developed as a technical guide for policy administrators to apply the landscape approaches to the process of NBSAPs and other relevant strategies, policies and programmes for the post-2020 period.